{"id":1318,"date":"2026-03-01T20:30:25","date_gmt":"2026-03-01T20:30:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aceg-nat.org\/home\/"},"modified":"2026-03-08T23:28:37","modified_gmt":"2026-03-08T23:28:37","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aceg-nat.org\/es\/home\/","title":{"rendered":"Plantilla"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"1318\" class=\"elementor elementor-1318\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-415eee9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"415eee9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e592ed4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e592ed4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;mountains&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape 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class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Contact<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b00f949 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b00f949\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-58f712c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"58f712c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;slideshow&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_gallery&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:3150,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/aceg-nat.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/interesante-4.png&quot;}],&quot;background_slideshow_loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_duration&quot;:5000,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_transition_duration&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a02dab elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4a02dab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">ACEG                                                       \n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93873aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"93873aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">       Climate Action &amp; Global Ecosystems <\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e46045d elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e46045d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a0<\/p><p><em>ACEG is a non\u2011profit association dedicated to strengthening climate governance through applied research, technical analysis, and strategic support to public institutions. Our work focuses on generating clear, useful, and evidence\u2011based knowledge to improve decision\u2011making in the face of the climate crisis.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84e5af3 elementor-align-center elementor-button-info elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"84e5af3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"#\" id=\"1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Get Started<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d3bf8a e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"3d3bf8a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49d970b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"49d970b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c7457f0 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c7457f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">About\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/strong> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/h5><p>The Association ACEG is a growing organization, we operate with high standards of rigor, transparency, and public responsibility. ACEG brings together science, policy, and economics to support national and subnational governments in designing and implementing climate strategies that are effective, equitable, and aligned with ecological limits.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Lines of Action<\/span><\/h6><ul><li><p>NDCs and climate planning: technical analysis, policy coherence, identification of mitigation and adaptation measures, and support for updating and monitoring processes.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Environmental politics and economics: studies on governance, equity, resilience, regulatory frameworks, and economic transformation under ecological pressure.<\/p><\/li><li><p>Climate finance and green funds: institutional readiness, requirements analysis, mapping of financing sources, and support in designing projects aligned with international standards.<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">What We Offer to National and Local Governments, Civil Society Organizations, and Communities<\/span><\/h5><ul><li><p>Applied research and technical analysis<\/p><\/li><li><p>Policy briefs, institutional assessments, and evidence syntheses<\/p><\/li><li><p>Technical assistance for national and local governments<\/p><\/li><li><p>Tools, guides, and methodologies for climate management<\/p><\/li><\/ul><h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Our Approach<\/span><\/h5><ul><li><p>Technical rigor in methods and analysis<\/p><\/li><li><p>Independence and commitment to the public interest<\/p><\/li><li><p>Accessibility in communicating evidence<\/p><\/li><li><p>Collaboration with public institutions, academia, and civil society<\/p><\/li><li><p>Transparency in processes and results<\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><em>ACEG advances step by step, building a solid foundation to become a national and international reference in climate governance and strategic analysis for climate action.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-350c8e5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"350c8e5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ad1c99 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4ad1c99\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;slideshow&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_gallery&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:3151,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/aceg-nat.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/interesante-910-2.png&quot;}],&quot;background_slideshow_ken_burns&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_duration&quot;:5000,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_transition_duration&quot;:500,&quot;background_slideshow_ken_burns_zoom_direction&quot;:&quot;in&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ebb359 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8ebb359\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9a325e elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9a325e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Our Themes<\/span><\/strong><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">ACEG\u2019s work is organized around four interconnected themes that reflect the complexity of climate governance. Each theme highlights a critical dimension of the global response to climate change and guides our applied research, technical analysis, and strategic support.<\/span><\/p><h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Theme 1: Advancing Climate Effectiveness and Governance<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Helping governments design, strengthen, and implement their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">We provide science-based support to close gaps in technical capacity, data systems, finance access, and governance alignment, ensuring that national commitments are implementable, transparent, and coherent across all levels of government.<\/span><\/p><h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Theme 2: Environmental Politics and Economics<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Exploring how climate change reshapes authority, justice, and prosperity.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Our work clarifies the political, social, and economic dynamics that determine why climate action succeeds in some contexts and stalls in others, enabling strategies that are effective, legitimate, and resilient.<\/span><\/p><h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Theme 3: Climate Finance \u2014 Aligning Global Financial Flows with a 1.5\u00b0C Future<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Finance is the hinge of transformation.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">ACEG analyzes pathways to scale climate-aligned flows from billions to trillions, emphasizing integrity, justice, and innovation. We support governments and institutions in accessing equitable, debt-sensitive, and transparent financing for climate action.<\/span><\/p><h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Theme 4: Futuring Scenarios for Climate Action<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Embracing uncertainty as a resource for creativity and resilience.<\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Through scenario-building at global, regional, urban, and sectoral levels, we help policymakers, businesses, and communities anticipate tradeoffs, design resilient interventions, and co-create futures that are equitable, sustainable, and adaptive.<\/span><\/p><h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Connecting the Themes<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Together, these four themes form ACEG\u2019s framework for accelerating effective climate action. By integrating governance, politics, finance, and foresight, we help translate ambition into strategies that are implementable, equitable, and aligned with ecological realities.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c3f1829 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c3f1829\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a2038e elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"0a2038e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1060\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1060\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Theme A. Advancing Climate Effectiveness and Governance <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1060\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fb776e e-con-full Themes e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6fb776e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1060\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01b5526 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"01b5526\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1060\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9e35326 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9e35326\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1db300a elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1db300a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: #ffc565;\">A. Advancing Climate Effectiveness and Governance<\/span><\/strong><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><span style=\"font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit;\">A<\/span>CEG is dedicated to accelerating effective climate action by supporting governments at all levels\u2014national, sectoral, regional, and municipal\u2014in the design, strengthening, and implementation of their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs).<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">We combine scientific rigor, public policy expertise, and a deep understanding of international climate governance to help translate ambition into implementable, finance-ready, and transparent climate strategies. Our work is grounded in the principles of the Paris Agreement: progression, the highest possible level of ambition, equity, and inclusive, multilevel participation.<\/span><\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Why Our Work Matters<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">NDCs are designed to reflect a country\u2019s collective climate ambition. Their formulation and implementation involve a wide range of actors: national ministries, sectoral agencies, regional governments, municipalities, civil society, and the private sector. Each plays a distinct and indispensable role.<\/span><\/p><ul><li><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Line ministries provide strategic direction, set targets, coordinate across sectors, and represent the country before the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0Local governments shape the everyday systems\u2014land use, transport, waste, water, risk management, and local development\u2014that determine whether national climate commitments can be fulfilled.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">In practice, however, many subnational governments face challenges that limit their ability to fully contribute to the implementation of NDCs, including:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Limited technical capacity to interpret and operationalize NDC commitments.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Weak alignment between local development plans and national climate priorities.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Insufficient data systems to monitor progress\u2014such as Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Inventory systems and Measurement, Reporting, and Verification (MRV) systems, which form the technical foundation of the Enhanced Transparency Framework (ETF).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Difficulty accessing climate finance due to institutional readiness gaps.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Fragmented governance and unclear mandates for climate action.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>ACEG helps close these gaps through applied research, rigorous analysis, review of reports, and case study assessments, enabling the strengthening of NDCs so they become more transparent, coherent, feasible to implement, and aligned with the realities of national leadership and subnational action.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1061\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1061\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Theme B. Environmental Politics and Economics <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1061\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34f1e53 e-con-full Themes e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"34f1e53\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1061\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-896907c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"896907c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1061\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6033f6b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6033f6b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-45647e4 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"45647e4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: #ffc565;\">B. Environmental Politics and Economics<\/span><\/strong><\/h5><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Why This Field Matters Now<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Climate change is reshaping the foundations of political authority, social cohesion, and economic strategy. Environmental politics and economics help us understand why climate action succeeds in some contexts and stalls in others, revealing the deeper systems that shape decisions, distribute risks, and determine what futures are possible. As ecological limits become more visible, the rules of the game \u2014 from public policy to investment flows \u2014 are shifting in real time.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Politics: Governing Under Ecological Pressure<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Political systems mediate how societies make decisions under uncertainty, conflict, and unequal vulnerability. Climate adaptation is not only a technical challenge but a governance one: it raises questions about legitimacy, accountability, and whose losses count. Different political models \u2014 decentralized, institutionally negotiated, or centralized \u2014 produce distinct pathways because they embed different norms of participation and authority. Understanding these dynamics is essential for designing climate strategies that are both effective and socially accepted.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Society: Justice, Identity, and Collective Resilience<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Social systems shape how climate impacts are experienced and how communities respond. Concepts like \u201cjust sustainability\u201d show that environmental progress without fairness undermines legitimacy and long\u2011term resilience. Culture, identity, and power relations influence whose knowledge is valued, who benefits from adaptation, and who bears the costs. Localized and community\u2011driven approaches can strengthen resilience, but they must be designed to avoid exclusion and ensure equitable access to resources and opportunities.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Economy: Rethinking Prosperity and Growth<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Traditional economic models struggle to account for biophysical limits. Emerging perspectives argue for redefining prosperity around well\u2011being, capabilities, and sufficiency rather than material throughput. At the same time, structural reforms \u2014 clean energy deployment, compact urban design, nature\u2011based solutions, and green industrial policy \u2014 show that climate action can unlock innovation, competitiveness, and new forms of economic opportunity. Across these approaches, one insight is constant: economic systems must operate within ecological boundaries to remain viable.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Transformation: When Incremental Change Isn\u2019t Enough<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Many countries now face pressures that require transformational change \u2014 shifts in goals, institutions, and routines rather than small adjustments. Political transformation involves building legitimacy for long\u2011term, cross\u2011generational decisions. Economic transformation requires reorienting investment, correcting price signals, and embedding ecological accounting into fiscal and monetary governance. Social transformation demands fair transitions that protect livelihoods and expand capabilities. Together, these shifts define the emerging landscape of climate governance.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">How ACEG Contributes<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0<em>ACEG supports governments and institutions by producing applied research, rigorous analysis, and actionable insights into the political, social, and economic dimensions of climate governance. Our work helps clarify system dynamics, identify leverage points, and strengthen the design and implementation of climate strategies that are equitable, feasible, and aligned with ecological realities.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1062\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1062\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Theme C. Climate Finance: Aligning Global Financial Flows with a 1.5\u00b0C Future <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1062\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e25a421 e-con-full Themes e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e25a421\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1062\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27259f2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"27259f2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1062\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40db044 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"40db044\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a591ac elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8a591ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: #ffc565;\">C. <\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: #ffc565;\">Climate Finance: Aligning Global Financial Flows with a 1.5\u00b0C Future<\/span><\/strong><\/h5><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Why Climate Finance Matters<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Finance is the engine of climate action. Every dollar invested either locks us into fossil dependence or builds resilience for generations to come. To achieve the Paris Agreement\u2019s 1.5\u00b0C goal, global financial flows must shift decisively toward climate-compatible pathways.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">The Scale of the Challenge<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Current climate-related flows reached USD 1.3 trillion in 2023. Yet the IPCC estimates USD 5\u20137 trillion annually is needed to stay on track. Developed countries\u2019 pledge of USD 100 billion per year remains unmet, and much of what has been delivered comes as loans \u2014 deepening debt risks for vulnerable economies.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Carbon Markets in Context<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Market mechanisms under Article 6 can help mobilize private capital and deliver efficiency gains, but they are no substitute for scaled-up public finance. Integrity safeguards and equity provisions are essential to ensure these tools complement, rather than replace real climate investment.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Justice and Equity<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Climate finance is not just about numbers. Nearly 60% of low-income countries face debt distress, while adaptation needs remain underfunded. Equitable access, concessional finance, and grant-based support are critical to ensure the most vulnerable are not left behind.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Policy Path Forward<\/span><\/h6><ul><li><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Scale: Move from billions to trillions in climate-aligned flows.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Integrity: Strengthen transparency and methodologies to safeguard trust.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Justice: Prioritize vulnerable economies with grants and concessional finance.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Innovation: Unlock private capital through clear rules and credible markets.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Key Message<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Climate finance is the hinge of transformation. Aligning flows with a 1.5\u00b0C future requires systemic reform, trillions in investment, and a commitment to justice at the core of every financial decision.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1063\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1063\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Theme D.\u00a0Futuring Scenarios for Climate Action <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-minus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-plus\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1063\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae9a982 e-con-full Themes e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ae9a982\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1063\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0da0f82 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0da0f82\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1063\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6da89f4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6da89f4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-44b4a95 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"44b4a95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><strong><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: #ffc565;\">D.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 14.0pt; color: #ffc565;\">Futuring Scenarios for Climate Action<\/span><\/strong><\/h5><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Embracing Uncertainty as a Resource<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Climate change is one of the most complex challenges of our time. Traditional forecasting often struggles to capture its interconnected drivers\u2014ranging from greenhouse gas emissions and land\u2011use change to political decisions and social values. The futuring approach offers a different path: instead of treating uncertainty as a barrier, it embraces it as a resource for creativity, inclusiveness, and systemic analysis. By imagining multiple possible futures, societies can prepare for diverse trajectories and act purposefully in shaping them.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">How Futuring Works<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">The futuring process begins with horizon scanning\u2014mapping emerging trends and critical uncertainties. These uncertainties are then crossed to generate contrasting scenarios, each representing a different possible world. For climate change, one axis might explore global cooperation versus fragmentation, while another considers the pace of technological innovation. The intersection of these axes produces four divergent futures, each with its own opportunities and threats.<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Futuring for Climate Action: From Global Pathways to Local Choices<\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Beyond Global Scenarios<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">While broad scenarios like <em>Cooperation + Innovation<\/em> or <em>Fragmentation + Stagnation<\/em> help us understand global trajectories, futuring becomes even more impactful when applied to specific contexts. Cities, industries, and communities face unique challenges and opportunities, and futuring allows them to explore tailored pathways for climate action.<\/span><\/p><h6>\u00a0<\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Granular Applications<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">By identifying critical uncertainties at a local or sectoral level, futuring generates scenarios that highlight concrete interventions. Examples include:<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Urban Centers and Technology Adoption<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Axis 1<\/em>: Speed of adopting smart, low\u2011carbon technologies (rapid vs. slow).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Axis 2<\/em>: Financing mechanisms (carbon markets vs. loans\/grants).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Outcomes: A city rapidly decarbonizes through carbon trading; another struggles with debt burdens from loan\u2011financed infrastructure; a third achieves resilience through community\u2011owned energy cooperatives.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Sector\u2011Specific Transitions<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Axis 1<\/em>: Pace of technological migration (fast vs. gradual).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Axis 2<\/em>: Policy support (strong vs. weak).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Outcomes: The transport sector shifts quickly to electric mobility under strong policy incentives; agriculture lags due to weak support, creating food security risks; or industries innovate unevenly, widening inequality between regions.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Community\u2011Level Adaptation<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Axis 1<\/em>: Degree of social cohesion (inclusive vs. polarized).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Axis 2<\/em>: Access to decentralized energy (broad vs. limited).<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Outcomes: Cohesive communities leverage shared solar grids; polarized societies see unequal access, reinforcing vulnerability.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><strong>Why This Matters<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">These granular scenarios make climate futures tangible and actionable. They help policymakers, businesses, and communities anticipate tradeoffs, design resilient interventions, and avoid lock\u2011in to fragile pathways. For instance:<\/span><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Investing in community\u2011owned renewable systems remains valuable across scenarios.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Embedding social equity into financing mechanisms ensures resilience whether through carbon markets or loans.<\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Accelerating sector\u2011specific transitions (like transport electrification or sustainable agriculture) reduces systemic risk.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h6><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\"><strong>From Vision to Action<\/strong><\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Futuring at multiple scales \u2014 global, regional, urban, and sectoral \u2014 equips societies to act purposefully. It transforms climate change from an overwhelming global threat into a set of navigable possibilities, where diverse actors can co\u2011create futures that are equitable, sustainable, and resilient.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99519eb e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"99519eb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9d42c8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9d42c8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3604e0 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs\" data-id=\"b3604e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;horizontal_scroll&quot;:&quot;disable&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-tabs.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs\" data-widget-number=\"188089568\" aria-label=\"Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys.\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-heading\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895681\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895681\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab-index=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1880895681\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTheme A\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895682\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895682\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1880895682\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTheme B\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895683\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895683\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1880895683\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTheme C\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t<button id=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895684\" data-tab-title-id=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895684\" class=\"e-n-tab-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab-index=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-n-tab-content-1880895684\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-n-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\tTheme D\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-tabs-content\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1880895681\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895681\" data-tab-index=\"1\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 1;\" class=\"e-active elementor-element elementor-element-be57c9a e-con-full e-transform e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"be57c9a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;_transform_translateX_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateX_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;_transform_translateY_effect_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82e127e e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"82e127e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f86682a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f86682a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit;\">Insight A.1: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ffc565; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ffc565; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit;\">Nationally Determined Contributions as Instruments of Credibility and Engines of Institutional Transformation<\/span><\/h5>\n<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement have evolved from diplomatic pledges into instruments that test and shape the credibility of national climate governance. This paper consolidates insights from climate governance scholarship to argue that NDCs are simultaneously diagnostic tools of institutional strength and catalysts of governance transformation. Credibility is determined by ambition, transparency, finance, and fairness, while institutional change is driven by processes of policy diffusion, isomorphism, and layering. Together, these dynamics reveal that NDCs are not merely symbolic commitments but central mechanisms through which states embed climate action into governance systems, mobilize resources, and build legitimacy. As the Global Stocktake intensifies pressure on countries, the ability to produce transparent, finance-ready, and socially legitimate NDCs will determine which nations emerge as credible leaders in climate governance.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-553a9a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"553a9a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565; font-style: inherit;\">Insight A.2: Social\u2011Ecological Resilience of Systems: Towards<br \/>Sustainability<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Social\u2011ecological resilience has become a cornerstone of sustainability science, offering a framework for understanding how coupled human\u2011environment systems absorb disturbances, adapt to changing conditions, and transform while maintaining essential functions. This paper explores resilience as a set of pillars for climate action and governance, focusing on biodiversity, reversibility, social action capacity, and ecological footprint. Drawing on structuration theory, resilience scholarship, and recent IPCC reports on climate change and cities, it develops a conceptual framework that emphasizes cross\u2011pillar synergies, mitigation linkages, and operationalization pathways. Case examples from Colombia, Peru, and Kenya illustrate how existing instruments can advance these pillars and how new approaches can strengthen them. The paper concludes that resilience is both an ecological and social property, requiring governance instruments, planning tools, and cultural shifts to embed these pillars into systemic design for sustainability, while harmonizing adaptation and mitigation within national climate strategies and NDC frameworks.<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em>Download PDF (English).<\/em>\u00a0<em>Descargar PDF (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1880895682\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895682\" data-tab-index=\"2\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 2;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-be0d419 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"be0d419\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-456016c e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"456016c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3c379c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e3c379c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit;\">Insight B.1: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ffc565; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: #ffc565; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">Political\u2013Economic Systems, Transformation, and the Future of Sustainability \u2013 an introduction<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Sustainability and adaptation are no longer peripheral concerns but central challenges for political, social, and economic systems. This paper examines how governance under uncertainty, justice as a structural condition, and economic reorientation toward ecological limits collectively drive transformational change. Drawing on ecological political theory, just sustainabilities, post\u2011growth economics, and reform agendas, this introductory insight highlights three converging influences: ecological realities that move thresholds into the present, equity as a prerequisite for legitimacy, and macroeconomic strategies judged against planetary boundaries. The synthesis demonstrates that durable climate action arises only when governance, justice, and economic design evolve in concert. The conclusion emphasizes that legitimacy, narrative, and fairness are as critical as technological and financial innovation in shaping credible pathways forward. By integrating frameworks such as planetary boundaries, polycentric governance, doughnut economics, and the capability approach, the paper contributes to debates on how societies can align ecological viability, social legitimacy, and economic resilience within finite planetary limit.<span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><em>Download PDF (English).\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0<em>Descargar PDF (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0127293 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0127293\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6><em><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Insight B.2: <\/span><\/em><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: #ffc565; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">Drivers of Climate Instrument Adoption in Middle-Income Democracies: Comparative Insights from Colombia Peru, and Kenya (1995\u20132024)<\/span><\/h6><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>This study investigates the determinants of climate instrument adoption in three middle-income democracies\u2014Colombia, Peru, and Kenya\u2014between 1995 and 2024. Using negative binomial regression models, it evaluates the relative influence of domestic resilience, economic and institutional variables, international commitments, and financial resources. Results reveal that external drivers\u2014ratification of international agreements and climate finance\u2014consistently predict instrument proliferation across all three countries. Domestic factors exert varied influence: resilience paradoxically reduces adoption in Colombia, disasters spur adoption in Kenya, and democracy significantly fosters adoption in Peru. These findings refine resilience and diffusion theories, highlight the enabling role of financial resources, and underscore the context-dependent nature of domestic drivers. Policy recommendations emphasize strengthening institutions, leveraging international commitments, integrating voluntary pledges into binding law, and securing predictable climate finance.\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><em>Download PDF (English)<\/em> or <em>Descargar PDF (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/em><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\">See: Annex C: Heatmap Matrix (Comparative Results of Negative Binomial Models).\u00a0 <em>Download PDF (English).\u00a0<\/em><em>Descargar PDF (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1880895683\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895683\" data-tab-index=\"3\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 3;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-fd093df e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fd093df\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75e13b6 e-grid e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"75e13b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;slideshow&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_gallery&quot;:[],&quot;background_slideshow_loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_duration&quot;:5000,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_transition_duration&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-822970e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"822970e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit;\">Insight C.1: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ffc565; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: #ffc565; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;\">Aligning Climate Finance with the Paris Agreement: Cooperative Approaches and the Transition from CDM to Article 6.4<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>This paper examines the evolution of climate finance under the UNFCCC, with particular attention to the transition from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to Article 6.4 of the Paris Agreement. It situates climate finance within the theoretical frameworks of global public goods, distributive justice, and political economy, while aligning the analysis with the latest findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The discussion highlights persistent shortfalls in climate finance, the debt-heavy structure of current flows, and the challenges of mobilizing private capital. Cooperative approaches under Article 6 are assessed as both an opportunity and a risk, with implications for equity, integrity, and systemic transformation. The paper concludes with policy recommendations and a future research agenda.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><em style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Download PDF (English).\u00a0<\/em><em style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Descargar PDF (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c6355c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c6355c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565; font-style: inherit;\">Insight C.2: Strengthening Carbon Asset Management and Cooperative Approaches in Latin America\u00a0<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Climate finance flows have increased in recent years &#8211; yet remain far below the levels required to achieve the 1.5\u00b0C pathway outlined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Cooperative approaches -under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement- have emerged as a key mechanism to mobilize private finance and enhance efficiency, offering an opportunity for countries to trade internationally transferred mitigation outcomes (ITMOs) and generate high\u2011quality credits through the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism (PACM). This paper examines the transition from the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to Article 6.4, highlighting the importance of robust standards and practices to safeguard environmental integrity and equity.<\/em><\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>The analysis focuses on Latin America, where a second wave of compliance markets is emerging. Countries such as Mexico, Chile, and Colombia are advancing emissions trading systems (ETSs) alongside carbon taxes, creating opportunities to broaden sectoral coverage and accelerate technological transformation.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><em style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Download PDF (English).\u00a0<\/em><em style=\"color: #ffffff;\">Descargar PDF (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div id=\"e-n-tab-content-1880895684\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-tab-title-1880895684\" data-tab-index=\"4\" style=\"--n-tabs-title-order: 4;\" class=\" elementor-element elementor-element-6761aa8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6761aa8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1364db e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b1364db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;slideshow&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_gallery&quot;:[],&quot;background_slideshow_loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_duration&quot;:5000,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_transition_duration&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5ef22e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5ef22e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5><span style=\"color: #ffc565; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit;\">Insight D.1: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ffc565; font-size: 16px; font-style: inherit;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: #ffc565;\">\u00a0Critical Uncertainties and Transformational Adaptation &#8211;\u00a0<\/span><\/h5><p><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>This paper explores the role of futuring as a methodological framework for transformational adaptation in the face of profound uncertainty (adaptation in the broader, systemic sense). Rather than treating uncertainty as a limitation, futuring embraces it as a resource for creativity, inclusiveness, and systemic analysis. Through scenario development, participants construct multiple, divergent futures by crossing critical uncertainties, thereby enabling the design of interventions that remain resilient across diverse trajectories. The paper outlines the iterative process of futuring\u2014from horizon scanning and clustering trends to constructing narratives\u2014and demonstrates its application to climate change, where traditional forecasting often fails to capture complexity. By examining scenarios of cooperation versus fragmentation and innovation versus stagnation, the study highlights opportunities and threats that inform robust, equitable, and adaptive strategies. The group work diary illustrates the collaborative and pedagogical dimensions of futuring, showing how diverse perspectives enrich scenario development and cultivate the capacity to think critically about uncertainty. Ultimately, the paper argues that futuring transforms adaptation from reactive mitigation into proactive worldmaking, equipping societies to act purposefully in shaping multiple possible futures.\u00a0<\/em><\/span><em style=\"color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 0.5px; word-spacing: 0.5px;\">Download PDF (English).\u00a0<\/em><em style=\"color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 0.5px; word-spacing: 0.5px;\">Descargar PDF (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/em><em style=\"color: #ffffff; font-weight: inherit;\">\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p><p style=\"margin: 0in; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; color: #ffc565;\">\u2192 Methodological Illustration: How will societies in 2050 experience daily life if climate action and sustainability are pursued\u2014or neglected\u2014at different speeds and scales\u00a0<\/span><em style=\"color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 0.5px; word-spacing: 0.5px;\">Download PDF (English).\u00a0<\/em><em style=\"color: #ffffff; letter-spacing: 0.5px; word-spacing: 0.5px;\">Descargar PDF (Espa\u00f1ol)<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f4cfee7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"f4cfee7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c117da0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c117da0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;slideshow&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_gallery&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:3152,&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/aceg-nat.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/interesante-3.png&quot;}],&quot;background_slideshow_loop&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_duration&quot;:5000,&quot;background_slideshow_slide_transition&quot;:&quot;fade&quot;,&quot;background_slideshow_transition_duration&quot;:500}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b3782df elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b3782df\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h5>\u00a0<\/h5><h5 style=\"text-align: left; padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #ffc565;\">Donate<\/span> <\/strong><\/span><\/h5><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; color: #ffffff;\"><strong>ACEG<\/strong> is a nonprofit association dedicated to strengthening climate governance through applied research, technical analysis, and strategic support to public institutions. We generate clear, evidence-based knowledge to improve decision-making in the face of the climate crisis.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; color: #ffffff;\">Your contribution helps us expand our work with governments, civil society, and communities to design climate strategies that are effective, equitable, and aligned with ecological limits.<\/span><\/p><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; color: #ffffff;\">Join us in advancing climate action in Peru and beyond.<\/span><\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><p><span style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; color: #ffffff;\">Contributions support applied research, policy analysis, and technical assistance.<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; color: #ffffff;\">ACEG is registered in Peru as a nonprofit association (RUC: [insert your number]).<\/span><\/p><\/li><li><p><span style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve; color: #ffffff;\">Donations are tax-deductible under Peruvian law.<\/span><\/p><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em><strong><span style=\"white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Together, we can close the gap between ambition and action.<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcc4853 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"bcc4853\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d0baf9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1d0baf9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03937cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03937cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>The Association Climate Action and Global Ecosystems (ACEG) is headquartered in Peru, where we work to strengthen climate governance through applied research, technical analysis, and strategic support to public institutions.<\/em><\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>We welcome inquiries from governments, civil society organizations, academia, and communities interested in collaborating on climate strategies and governance.<\/em><\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Main Office: Lima, Peru<\/em><\/span><\/h6><h6><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><em>Email: <a style=\"color: #ffffff;\" href=\"mailto:Contact@aceg-nat.org\">Contact@aceg-nat.org<\/a><\/em><\/span><\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home About Themes Insights Donate Contact ACEG Climate Action &amp; Global Ecosystems \u00a0 ACEG is a non\u2011profit association dedicated to strengthening climate governance through applied research, technical analysis, and strategic support to public institutions. Our work focuses on generating clear, useful, and evidence\u2011based knowledge to improve decision\u2011making in the face of the climate crisis. Get [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"full-width-container","site-content-style":"unboxed","site-sidebar-style":"unboxed","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"enabled","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1318","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"campaignId":"0","uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"pgbo8","author_link":"https:\/\/aceg-nat.org\/es\/author\/pgbo8\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Home About Themes Insights Donate Contact ACEG Climate Action &amp; Global Ecosystems \u00a0 ACEG is a non\u2011profit association dedicated to strengthening climate governance through applied research, technical analysis, and strategic support to public institutions. Our work focuses on generating clear, useful, and evidence\u2011based knowledge to improve decision\u2011making in the face of the climate crisis. 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